In pharmacokinetics, a compartment is a defined volume of body fluids, typically of the human body, but also those of other animals with multiple organ systems.
What is drug compartment?
Pharmacokinetics refers to the rate and extent of distribution of a drug to different tissues, and the rate of elimination of the drug.The central compartment (compartment 1) consists of the plasma and tissues where the distribution of the drug is practically instantaneous.
What is blood compartment?
Intravascular compartment
The blood represents both the intracellular compartment (the fluid inside the blood cells) and the extracellular compartment (the blood plasma).
What is tissue compartment?
Each tissue compartment can be characterized by the mass of drug or the drug concentration and tissue-specific volume of distribution. Input of the drug can be intravenous or intraperitoneal.
What is compartment theory?
In systems theory, it involves the description of a network whose components are compartments that represent a population of elements that are equivalent with respect to the manner in which they process input signals to the compartment. Instant homogeneous distribution of materials or energies within a “compartment.”
What is extraction ratio in pharmacokinetics?
Extraction ratio (ER) is the fraction of drug that is removed from the blood or plasma as it crosses the eliminating organ (e.g. liver or kidney).
What is k12 in pharmacokinetics?
The higher the ratio k12/k21 the greater the distribution of drug into the peripheral compartment. The larger the individual values of k12 and k21 the faster is the transfer between the central and peripheral compartments and the more the body behaves as a single compartment.
What are compartments in the body?
There are three major fluid compartments; intravascular, interstitial, and intracellular. Fluid movement from the intravascular to interstitial and intracellular compartments occurs in the capillaries.The interstitial compartment is the space between the capillaries and the cells.
What is the largest body fluid compartment?
intracellular compartment
The largest compartment is the intracellular compartment. Any fluid not contained inside a cell therefore comprises the extracellular compartment.
What is 3rd space fluid loss?
Third spacing occurs when intravenous fluid shifts out of circulation in the blood and into the space between cells in organs and tissues, also known as interstitial space.
What is plasma compartment?
The two intracellular compartments, the blood plasma and interstitial fluid are separated by the capillary walls. The two extracellular compartments are the red blood cells and the interstitial cells. Only the plasma compartment is directly influenced by external factors and therefore is connected to the dialyser.
COMPARTMENT MODELS • A compartment is a group of tissues with similar blood flow and drug affinity.
What is compartment volume?
Compartment volumes are measured by determining the volume of distribution of a tracer substance. A known amount of a tracer is added to a compartment. The tracer concentration in that compartment is measured after allowing sufficient time for uniform distribution throughout the compartment.
What is compartment method?
Compartment is the traditional and most widely used approach to pharmacokinetic characterization of drug. These models simply interpolate the experimental data and allow on emperical formula to estimate drug concentration with time.
What is simple compartment model?
These states are often called compartments, and the corresponding models are called compartment models. The simplest compartment models assume a person can be in one of only two states, either susceptible (S) or infectious (I). The two-state model is called the SI(S) model.
What is another term for compartment model?
data-based models
Compartmental models, also known as data-based models, are essentially curves fit to experimental data on blood, plasma, or urine concentrations of a xenobiotics or its metabolite(s).
What is the clearance of liver?
Hepatic clearance quantifies the loss of drug during its passage through the liver. Hepatic clearance results from hepatic metabolism and biliary excretion and is a function of the hepatic blood flow, the drug plasma protein binding and the activity of liver enzymes and transporters.
What is a low extraction ratio?
Low extraction ratio.
These drugs are not efficiently cleared by the liver and are extracted less avidly and incompletely from hepatic blood. Their clearance is relatively independent of hepatic blood flow, and is primarily determined by the intrinsic metabolizing capacity of the liver and by the free drug fraction.
What is unit of excretion ratio?
Usually, clearance is measured in L/h or mL/min. The quantity reflects the rate of drug elimination divided by plasma concentration. Excretion, on the other hand, is a measurement of the amount of a substance removed from the body per unit time (e.g., mg/min, μg/min, etc.).
What is oral clearance?
Oral clearance (CL/F) is an important pharmacokinetic parameter and plays an important role in the selection of a safe and tolerable dose for first-in-human studies.
What is Cmax pharmacokinetics?
A pharmacokinetic measure used to determine drug dosing. Cmax is the highest concentration of a drug in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or target organ after a dose is given. Related Term(s) Cmin. Pharmacokinetics.
Contents