How Is Nanotechnology Made?

There are two ways to build materials on the nanometer-scale: top-down or bottom-up. Top-down nanomanufacturing involves carving bulk materials to create features with nanometer-scale dimensions. For decades, the process used to produce computer chips has been top-down. How are nanomaterials … Continue reading

Where Is Sulfonation Used?

Today sulfuric acid sulfonation is principally used for production of hydrotropes by azeotropic reaction with benzene, toluene or xylene. In this special process, the water formed during the reaction is removed by azeotropic distillation of the water and unreacted feedstock. … Continue reading