Magnesium is one of the major intracellular cations. For normal neuromuscular activity, humans need normal concentration of extracellular calcium and magnesium. Is magnesium ICF or ECF? Location: The distinction between ICF and ECF is clear and is easy to understand: … Continue reading →

Fluids produced by specialized cells to form cerebrospinal fluid, gastrointestinal fluid, bile, glandular secretions, respiratory secretions, and synovial fluid are in the transcellular fluid compartment, which is estimated as approximately 1% of body weight (approximately 2% of total body water). … Continue reading →

Hypotonic solutions. Hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration, or tonicity, of solutes and have an osomolality equal to or less than 250 mOsm/L. The infusion of hypotonic solutions lowers the osmolality within the vascular space and causes fluid to shift … Continue reading →

If your results show lower than normal sodium levels, it may indicate: Diarrhea. Vomiting. Kidney disease. Addison disease, a condition in which your body’s adrenal glands don’t produce enough of certain types of hormones. What happens when sodium levels are … Continue reading →

The normal mean plasma calcium concentration is 10 mg/100 ml and as the plasma accounts for approximately 5% of body weight, the total amount of calcium in the plasma of a 70-kg man is about 350 mg. The normal mean … Continue reading →

A CBC with differential is also known as a blood differential test, white blood differential count, or leukocyte differential count. It may be performed as part of a CBC test or as a follow-up to a CBC test that reveals … Continue reading →

One large egg contains about 63 mg of potassium. 1 Eggs are considered a low-potassium food, but check with your doctor or dietitian to find out how often you should eat them. Are scrambled eggs low in potassium? But, even … Continue reading →

When chewed or punctured, alkaline batteries leak a caustic substance that can burn your pet’s mouth, esophagus or stomach. What to do if you chew on a battery? If a Battery is Swallowed or Placed in the Ear or Nose … Continue reading →

In addition to the risks of internal burns and choking, batteries pose other risks. For example, chewing on batteries can cause: severe burns in the mouth, it’s also possible that battery acid. What should I do if my child chews … Continue reading →

12V systems require massive wires when pulling large loads because the current (amps) are higher. As we have already learned, 24V systems reduce the current or amps two times, then a downside of a 12V system is the amperage is … Continue reading →

How Much Milk Can Dogs Drink? Milk is a safe treat in small quantities. A few tablespoons of cow’s milk or goat’s milk on an occasional basis can be a nice reward for your dog without the side effects of … Continue reading →

“Now we know that graphene oxide films are indeed soluble in water. It’s just a matter of sample purity.” Other multivalent metal ions, such as manganese, which is a byproduct from the synthesis of GO, can also crosslink the sheets. … Continue reading →

In the range of 20 to 50 Amps, a medium watt output 12 watt power supply can be used for many applications, with up to 100 Amp hours of battery and up to a constant load. How many amps should … Continue reading →

3 Ways to Bring a Deeply Discharged OPTIMA Battery Back from the Dead Use a AGM-Specific Charger. An AGM battery can stump car guys because it doesn’t work like a traditional flooded lead-acid battery. Try the DIY Solution. Want to … Continue reading →

Oxide films. Oxide films are used in the reduction of corrosion on the surface of the material by preventing further reaction. Which type of metal oxide film is most protective against corrosion? zinc oxide and aluminium oxide layers are most … Continue reading →