n. 1. the physical body (Greek, “body”), as distinguished from the mind or spirit (see soul).
What is axon in psychology?
n. the long, thin, hollow, cylindrical extension of a neuron that normally carries a nerve impulse away from the cell body.
What is the nucleus in psychology?
a collection of neurons that are thought to work together in performing certain functions. For example, the nucleus accumbens consists of a large number of distinct neurons, but together these neurons are thought to play an important role in processing rewarding experiences.
What is dendrites in psychology?
n. a branching, threadlike extension of the cell body that increases the receptive surface of a neuron.
What are receptor sites in psychology?
a region of specialized membrane on the surface of a cell (e.g., a neuron) that contains receptor molecules that receive and react with particular messenger molecules (e.g., neurotransmitters).
What is myelin psychology?
Myelin sheath is a substance which is found on neurons within the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Myelin sheath is the protective layer that wraps around the axons of neurons to aid in insulating the neurons, and to increase the number of electrical signals being transferred.
What is bipolar neuron?
a neuron with only two extensions—an axon and a dendrite—that run from opposite sides of the cell body. Cells of this type are found primarily in the retina (see retinal bipolar cell) and also elsewhere in the nervous system. Also called bipolar cell.
What does nucleus mean in neurology?
In neuroanatomy, a nucleus (plural form: nuclei) is a cluster of neurons in the central nervous system, located deep within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem.Nuclei are connected to other nuclei by tracts, the bundles (fascicles) of axons (nerve fibers) extending from the cell bodies.
What is the function of the nucleus in the brain?
The nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary information. Nucleoli are small bodies often seen within the nucleus. The gel-like matrix in which the nuclear components are suspended is the nucleoplasm.
What is brain ganglion?
The term “ganglion” refers to the peripheral nervous system. However, in the brain (part of the central nervous system), the “basal ganglia” is a group of nuclei interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brainstem, associated with a variety of functions: motor control, cognition, emotions, and learning.
What is a soma what do we call the soma?
What is Soma? Soma (carisoprodol) is a muscle relaxer that blocks pain sensations between the nerves and the brain. Soma is used together with rest and physical therapy to treat skeletal muscle conditions such as pain or injury.
What is a neurotransmitter psychology?
A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that carries, boosts, and balances signals between neurons (also known as nerve cells) and target cells throughout the body.
What happens at a receptor site on a neuron?
Receptor sites are proteins typically found on the surface of cells, which are able to recognize and bond to specific messenger molecules.
What is neuron firing?
The process of normal neuronal firing takes place as a communication between neurons through electrical impulses and neurotransmitters. To better understand this process, it is important to understand the parts of a neuron, including the soma, dendrites and axons.
What does myelin do for the nervous system?
Myelin is an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord. It is made up of protein and fatty substances. This myelin sheath allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells.
Which part of the peripheral nervous system calms the body?
parasympathetic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system is made of two components, which work in opposition to one another: the sympathetic nervous system, responsible for the body’s “fight-or-flight” response to danger, and the parasympathetic nervous system, which calms the body back down.
What happens when myelin is damaged?
A demyelinating disease is any condition that results in damage to the protective covering (myelin sheath) that surrounds nerve fibers in your brain, optic nerves and spinal cord. When the myelin sheath is damaged, nerve impulses slow or even stop, causing neurological problems.
What is Pseudounipolar neuron?
Pseudounipolar neurons are variations of bipolar neurons in that they have two processes which fuse during their development into one short common axon.
What is multipolar neuron?
Multipolar neurons are the most common types of neurons in the CNS; they form the autonomic ganglia. They possess a single axon with several symmetrically radiating dendrites. Some neurons have multiple axons or lack axons all together.
What are the autonomic ganglia?
Autonomic ganglia are sites at which information (action potentials) arising from the central nervous system (CNS) is transmitted to the periphery via synaptic neurotransmission. The information from the CNS can be amplified, inhibited (filtered) or, in the case of a simple relay, left unaltered.
What is the difference between a ganglion and a nucleus?
Nuclei. The major difference between the ganglia and the nuclei is their placement or location within the nervous system. Ganglia are clustered nerve cells located in the PNS while nuclei are those clustered nerve cells that are located in the CNS.