Needle coke is a specialty grade of pet coke valued for its crystalline structure that makes it a good material for making electrodes. Needle coke is typically produced from a dedicated coker that uses low-sulfur FCC slurry as feedstock.
How is needle coke made?
Needle coke is produced exclusively from either fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) decant oil or coal tar pitch. Honeycomb coke is an intermediate coke, with ellipsoidal pores that are uniformly distributed.
Why is it called needle coke?
Needle coke is a kind of high-quality carbon raw material, which is divided into coal and oil series.Fibrous structure can be observed under a microscope, so it is called needle coke. Needle coke is easily graphitized at high temperatures above 2000 degrees.
Who makes needle coke?
In Mitsubishi Chemical, coal-based needle coke is produced from coal tar that appears during coke production. Mitsubishi Chemical was the first company in the world to successfully produce coal-based needle coke.
What is the function of petroleum coke?
Fertilizer: Calcined petcoke is gasified to produce ammonia and urea ammonium nitrate, which is then used in fertilizer production. Petcoke is safely stored and handled by refineries, intermediaries and end-users. It is transported by ocean freight, barges, rail and truck. Petcoke is stored in 32 states.
Is petcoke cheaper than coal?
While pet coke costs ₹12,500 per tonne, the cost of coal is ₹10,500 per tonne. However, 70% more coal is used than coke for the same output,” Arora said.
What is the difference between petcoke and met coke?
Petcoke has a significantly high heating value compared to metallurgical coke (metcoke) and bituminous coals (see Table 2). The higher heating value comes at the cost of higher sulfur and nitrogen content, however. Ash content is relatively low, compared to coal, but much of it is in the form of heavy metals.
What is Sponge coke?
Sponge coke is a coherent, dull black porous delayed petroleum coke in which the individual spheres are not apparent and the coke has a continuum of structure. Sponge coke may also refer to an intermediate type of coke between this and shot coke. In physical appearance, sponge coke is very porous.
How is coke different from coal?
Coal is a lustrous, black fossil fuel that includes impurities, generates smoke, and generates less heat than coke when burned. Coke is a dingy, black coal waste that burns hotter and cleaner.
What is petcoke Upsc?
Petroleum coke, also called pet coke or petcoke, is a solid carbon material that resembles coal; it is a product of oil refining. Petroleum coke or Pet Coke is used by industries as fuel and contains various dangerous chemicals and heavy metals such as Chromium, Vanadium, etc.
How is needle coke used in lithium-ion battery?
Abstract. Needle coke, the remaining material after refining petroleum, is used as an anode of a lithium-ion secondary battery. Sulfur is separated from the needle coke to below 0.1wt. % using the molten caustic leaching (MCL) method developed at the Korea Institute of Energy Research.
What is petcoke coal?
It is abbreviated as Coke or Petcoke, and is a carbon-rich solid material derived from final cracking process — a thermo-based chemical engineering process that splits long chain hydrocarbons of petroleum into shorter chains— that takes place in coker units. There are two distinctive grades of Petroleum Coke viz.
What is specialty coke?
Specialty Coke
Phillips 66 is the only producer and marketer of all grades of green and calcined specialty petroleum coke, serving the steel, lithium-ion battery, aluminum, titanium dioxide and specialty carbon/graphite product industries.
What is green needle coke?
The production of coal-based needle coke consists of three main processes: pretreatment of raw materials, delayed coking [15], and calcining [16]. The coke produced by a delayed coking process is called green needle coke, while called calcined needle coke if produced by a calcining process.
How is coke obtained?
Coke is produced by heating coal at high temperatures, for long periods of time. This heating is called “thermal distillation” or “pyrolysis.” In order to produce coke that will be used in blast furnaces, coal is usually thermally distilled for 15 to 18 hours, but the process can take up to 36 hours.
What is crude oil coke?
Calcined petroleum coke is a product produced from the calcination of oil coke. This coke is the product of the Cocker unit in a crude oil refinery. Calcined petroleum coke is used to make anodes for the aluminum, steel and titanium smelting industry.
Why are petcoke prices rising?
At the beginning of 2021, high calorific value coal from the US was the cheapest source of energy among all solid fuels for Indian buyers but later prices of both the commodities jumped sharply after the energy crisis hit the global fuel market, it said.
Is petcoke better than coal?
Petcoke is over 90 percent carbon and emits 5 to 10 percent more carbon dioxide (co2) than coal on a per-unit of energy basis when it is burned. 3 as petcoke has high energy content, every ton of petcoke emits between 30 and 80 percent more co2 than coal, depending on the quality of the coal.
Which industry uses petcoke as fuel?
In the cement industry, petcoke is used as an energy source.
Is petcoke toxic?
MDEQ also concluded that petcoke dust is no more toxic than dust generally in terms of other health impacts like cancer.
What is calcined petcoke?
Calcined petroleum coke is a critical ingredient in the production of aluminum. It is created by placing high quality raw “green” petroleum coke into rotary kilns, where it is heated to temperatures between 1200 to 1350 ˚C (2192 to 2460 ˚F).
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